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--- development:python:django [2024/08/29 07:25] – [Creating models] tungnt
+++ development:python:django [2024/08/29 08:32] (current) – [Django Views] tungnt
@@ Line 140: / Line 140: @@
 </code>
-===== Django shell =====
+====== Django Shell ======
 <code bash>
@@ Line 165: / Line 165: @@
 </code>
+<file python polls/models.py>
+import datetime
+from django.db import models
+from django.utils import timezone
+class Question(models.Model):
+    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
+    pub_date = models.DateTimeField("date published")
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.question_text
+    def was_published_recently(self):
+        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
+class Choice(models.Model):
+    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
+    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
+    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.choice_text
+</file>
+<code bash>
+(django5.1) tungnt@MacBook-Pro-cua-Nguyen-2 django_blue % python manage.py shell
+Python 3.11.6 (main, Oct  2 2023, 13:45:54) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.0.40.1)] on darwin
+Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
+(InteractiveConsole)
+>>>
+>>> from polls.models import Choice, Question
+>>> Question.objects.all()
+<QuerySet [<Question: What's up?>]>
+>>> Question.objects.filter(id=1)
+<QuerySet [<Question: What's up?>]>
+>>> Question.objects.filter(question_text__startswith="What")
+<QuerySet [<Question: What's up?>]>
+>>>
+>>> from django.utils import timezone
+>>> current_year = timezone.now().year
+>>> Question.objects.get(pub_date__year=current_year)
+<Question: What's up?>
+>>>
+>>> Question.objects.get(id=2)
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+...
+    raise self.model.DoesNotExist(
+polls.models.Question.DoesNotExist: Question matching query does not exist.
+>>> Question.objects.get(pk=1)
+<Question: What's up?>
+>>> q = Question.objects.get(pk=1)
+>>> q.was_published_recently()
+True
+>>> q = Question.objects.get(pk=1)
+>>> q.choice_set.all()
+<QuerySet []>
+>>> q.choice_set.create(choice_text="Not much", votes=0)
+<Choice: Not much>
+>>> q.choice_set.create(choice_text="The sky", votes=0)
+<Choice: The sky>
+>>> c = q.choice_set.create(choice_text="Just hacking again", votes=0)
+>>> c.question
+<Question: What's up?>
+>>> q.choice_set.all()
+<QuerySet [<Choice: Not much>, <Choice: The sky>, <Choice: Just hacking again>]>
+>>> q.choice_set.count()
+>>> Choice.objects.filter(question__pub_date__year=current_year)
+<QuerySet [<Choice: Not much>, <Choice: The sky>, <Choice: Just hacking again>]>
+>>> c = q.choice_set.filter(choice_text__startswith="Just hacking")
+>>> c.delete()
+(1, {'polls.Choice': 1})
+</code>
+====== Django Admin ======
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/intro/tutorial02/
+<code bash>
+% python manage.py createsuperuser
+</code>
+<file python polls/admin.py>
+from django.contrib import admin
+from .models import Question
+admin.site.register(Question)
+</file>
+====== Django Views ======
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/intro/tutorial03/
+<file python polls/views.py>
+from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
+from django.template import loader
+from django.http import HttpResponse
+from django.http import Http404
+from .models import Question
+def index(request):
+    latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")[:5]
+    template = loader.get_template("polls/index.html")
+    context = {
+        "latest_question_list": latest_question_list,
+    }
+    #return HttpResponse(template.render(context, request))
+    return render(request, "polls/index.html", context)
+def detail(request, question_id):
+    #try:
+    #    question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)
+    #except Question.DoesNotExist:
+    #    raise Http404("Question does not exist")
+    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
+    return render(request, "polls/detail.html", {"question": question})
+def results(request, question_id):
+    response = "You're looking at the results of question %s."
+    return HttpResponse(response % question_id)
+def vote(request, question_id):
+    return HttpResponse("You're voting on question %s." % question_id)
+</file>
+<file python polls/urls.py>
+from django.urls import path
+from . import views
+app_name = "polls"
+urlpatterns = [
+    # ex: /polls/
+    path("", views.index, name="index"),
+    # ex: /polls/{id}/
+    path("<int:question_id>/", views.detail, name="detail"),
+    # ex: /polls/{id}/results/
+    path("<int:question_id>/results/", views.results, name="results"),
+    # ex: /polls/{id}/vote/
+    path("<int:question_id>/vote/", views.vote, name="vote"),
+]
+</file>
+<file html polls/templates/polls/index.html>
+{% if latest_question_list %}
+<ul>
+    {% for question in latest_question_list %}
+    <!--<li><a href="/polls/{{ question.id }}/">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>-->
+    <li><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>
+    {% endfor %}
+</ul>
+{% else %}
+<p>No polls are available.</p>
+{% endif %}
+</file>
+<file html polls/templates/polls/detail.html>
+<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>
+<ul>
+    {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
+    <li>{{ choice.choice_text }}</li>
+    {% endfor %}
+</ul>
+</file>
+====== Django Form ======
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/intro/tutorial04/