https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/contents
(venv) % python -m pip install Django >>> import django >>> print(django.get_version()) 4.2.1 (venv) % python -m django --version 4.2.1
% django-admin startproject django_blue
(django5.1) tungnt@MacBook-Pro-cua-Nguyen-2 django_blue % python manage.py runserver Watching for file changes with StatReloader Performing system checks... System check identified no issues (0 silenced). You have 18 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions. Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them. August 28, 2024 - 15:13:33 Django version 5.1, using settings 'django_blue.settings' Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
% python manage.py startapp polls
from django.http import HttpResponse def index(request): return HttpResponse("Hello, world. You're at the polls index.")
from django.http import HttpResponse def index(request): return HttpResponse("Hello, world. You're at the polls index.")
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import include, path urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path("polls/", include("polls.urls")), ]
$ python manage.py runserver
(django5.1) tungnt@MacBook-Pro-cua-Nguyen-2 django_blue % python manage.py migrate Operations to perform: Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions Running migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK Applying auth.0012_alter_user_first_name_max_length... OK Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
from django.db import models class Question(models.Model): question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200) pub_date = models.DateTimeField("date published") class Choice(models.Model): question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE) choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200) votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
INSTALLED_APPS = [ ... "polls.apps.PollsConfig", ]
(django5.1) tungnt@MacBook-Pro-cua-Nguyen-2 django_blue % python manage.py makemigrations polls Migrations for 'polls': polls/migrations/0001_initial.py + Create model Question + Create model Choice (django5.1) tungnt@MacBook-Pro-cua-Nguyen-2 django_blue % python manage.py migrate Operations to perform: Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, polls, sessions Running migrations: Applying polls.0001_initial... OK
(django5.1) tungnt@MacBook-Pro-cua-Nguyen-2 django_blue % python manage.py shell Python 3.11.6 (main, Oct 2 2023, 13:45:54) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.0.40.1)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. (InteractiveConsole) >>> from polls.models import Choice, Question >>> Question.objects.all() <QuerySet []> >>> from django.utils import timezone >>> q = Question(question_text="What's new?", pub_date=timezone.now()) >>> q.save() >>> q.id 1 >>> q.question_text "What's new?" >>> q.pub_date datetime.datetime(2024, 8, 29, 7, 24, 30, 119985, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc) >>> q.question_text = "What's up?" >>> q.save() >>> Question.objects.all() <QuerySet [<Question: Question object (1)>]>
import datetime from django.db import models from django.utils import timezone class Question(models.Model): question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200) pub_date = models.DateTimeField("date published") def __str__(self): return self.question_text def was_published_recently(self): return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1) class Choice(models.Model): question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE) choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200) votes = models.IntegerField(default=0) def __str__(self): return self.choice_text
(django5.1) tungnt@MacBook-Pro-cua-Nguyen-2 django_blue % python manage.py shell Python 3.11.6 (main, Oct 2 2023, 13:45:54) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.0.40.1)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. (InteractiveConsole) >>> >>> from polls.models import Choice, Question >>> Question.objects.all() <QuerySet [<Question: What's up?>]> >>> Question.objects.filter(id=1) <QuerySet [<Question: What's up?>]> >>> Question.objects.filter(question_text__startswith="What") <QuerySet [<Question: What's up?>]> >>> >>> from django.utils import timezone >>> current_year = timezone.now().year >>> Question.objects.get(pub_date__year=current_year) <Question: What's up?> >>> >>> Question.objects.get(id=2) Traceback (most recent call last): ... raise self.model.DoesNotExist( polls.models.Question.DoesNotExist: Question matching query does not exist. >>> Question.objects.get(pk=1) <Question: What's up?> >>> q = Question.objects.get(pk=1) >>> q.was_published_recently() True >>> q = Question.objects.get(pk=1) >>> q.choice_set.all() <QuerySet []> >>> q.choice_set.create(choice_text="Not much", votes=0) <Choice: Not much> >>> q.choice_set.create(choice_text="The sky", votes=0) <Choice: The sky> >>> c = q.choice_set.create(choice_text="Just hacking again", votes=0) >>> c.question <Question: What's up?> >>> q.choice_set.all() <QuerySet [<Choice: Not much>, <Choice: The sky>, <Choice: Just hacking again>]> >>> q.choice_set.count() 3 >>> Choice.objects.filter(question__pub_date__year=current_year) <QuerySet [<Choice: Not much>, <Choice: The sky>, <Choice: Just hacking again>]> >>> c = q.choice_set.filter(choice_text__startswith="Just hacking") >>> c.delete() (1, {'polls.Choice': 1})
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/intro/tutorial02/
% python manage.py createsuperuser
from django.contrib import admin from .models import Question admin.site.register(Question)
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/intro/tutorial03/
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render from django.template import loader from django.http import HttpResponse from django.http import Http404 from .models import Question def index(request): latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")[:5] template = loader.get_template("polls/index.html") context = { "latest_question_list": latest_question_list, } #return HttpResponse(template.render(context, request)) return render(request, "polls/index.html", context) def detail(request, question_id): #try: # question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id) #except Question.DoesNotExist: # raise Http404("Question does not exist") question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id) return render(request, "polls/detail.html", {"question": question}) def results(request, question_id): response = "You're looking at the results of question %s." return HttpResponse(response % question_id) def vote(request, question_id): return HttpResponse("You're voting on question %s." % question_id)
from django.urls import path from . import views app_name = "polls" urlpatterns = [ # ex: /polls/ path("", views.index, name="index"), # ex: /polls/{id}/ path("<int:question_id>/", views.detail, name="detail"), # ex: /polls/{id}/results/ path("<int:question_id>/results/", views.results, name="results"), # ex: /polls/{id}/vote/ path("<int:question_id>/vote/", views.vote, name="vote"), ]
{% if latest_question_list %}
<ul>
{% for question in latest_question_list %}
<!--<li><a href="/polls/{{ question.id }}/">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>-->
<li><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% else %}
<p>No polls are available.</p>
{% endif %}